現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three yearsago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

a. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。

如：We have already finished ourhomework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。

c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I haveseen her before, but I can not remember where.

我以前見過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見過(guò)。

Hehas been there three times the last few days.

近幾年他去過(guò)那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year,term)等。

例如：-Haveyou met him today?-No,I haven't.

今天你見過(guò)他嗎?我沒(méi)有。

Howmany times have you been there this year?

今年你去過(guò)那里多少次?

(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。要用，必須改為“be(在)”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表述

現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive→behere

begin(start)→be on

die→bedead

come back→be back

leave →beaway

fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→beup

go out→be out

finish →beover

put on→wear 或be on

open →be open

join→be in或 be amember of…

close→beclosed

go to school→be a student

borrow →keep

buy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)

get to know →know

begin tostudy→study

come to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

We have studied English for three years. 我們(開始)學(xué)英語(yǔ)已三年了。

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